Animation
Rapid display of a sequence of images to create an illusion of movement
Most common way of presenting animation is through motion pictures or videos.
phenakistoscope, zoetrope, praxinoscope and flip book were the early popular animation devices which were invented during the 1800s.
Georges Méliès was the creator of special effect films. Generally he was one of the first to use animation with special effects. He discovered stop motion only by accident. He stop the camera rolling to change something in the scene, and then continue rolling the film. This accident happen when he was shooting a bus driving by and his camera broke down while shooting.
J. Stuart Blackton was first American filmmaker to use stop motion and hand drawn animation and is considered to be the first true animator.
Émile Cohl, was the first to use hand drawn animation. He drew stick figures images and took a picture of his drawings to give it the blackboard look.
Animated short films later known as cartoon became an industry during the 1910s. most successful early animtion producers were John Randolph Bray and Earl Hurd.
Video Art
Type of art that relies on moving pictures and is comprised of video and audio. Video art came into existence during the 1960s 1970s.
Nam June Paik is believed to be the person who begun video art whit his footage of Pope Paul IV procession through NYC in 1965.
Before the introduction of the Sony Portapak technology, then only thing that was available was eight or sixteen mm film. This film did not provide instance playback.
Sound Art
Contemporary art that incorporates sound, listening and hearing as the main focus. The earliest use of the term sound art in the America was in 1983 by William Hermerman. Don Goddard, and art historian said “It may be that sound art adheres to curator Hellermann’s perception that “hearing is another form of seeing,’ that sound has meaning only when its connection with an image is understood… The conjunction of sound and image insists on the engagement of the viewer, forcing participation in real space and concrete, responsive thought rather than illusionary space and thought.”
Stop Motion
animation technique that makes a still object to move on its own.
Albert E. Smith and J. Stuart Blackton first to use stop motion with the humpty dumpty circus in 1889.